The New Labour Codes – Ushering in the Era of the “Dictatorship of the Private Employer”
On 21st November, 2025 the Union Government issued notifications bringing into force four Labour Codes - the Code on Wages, 2019, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020,(OSH Code) the Social Security Code, 2020; and the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 - that had been passed between 2019 and 2021. The four Labour Codes, presented as an anti-colonial “labour reform”, essentially constitute a reorientation of the State’s role in mediating class relations in the country.